diamonds are desired for their sparkle and message of love - wedding article
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diamonds are desired for their sparkle and message of love - wedding article
Category: Wedding Rings and Engagement Rings|
A Diamond is a form of carbon that crystallizes in the crystal system of highest symmetry known as the cubic system born hundreds of miles underneath the surface of the earth. It possesses a hardness far surpassing that of any other substance known in nature with 100 years in the making of it's formation. Diamonds were formed more than 70 million years ago when diamond-bearing ore was brought to the surface through volcanic eruption. After the magma cooled, it solidified into blue ground, or kimberlite, where the precious rough is still found today. The durability of a gem depends on both its hardness and toughness. Diamond, although highest on the scale of hardness (rated 10 on the Mohs scale), is not as tough as some gems because of its good cleavage. (Cleavage is the tendency of a diamond to split in certain directions where the carbon atoms are furthest apart.) Diamonds have a very high degree of transparency, refractivity and dispersion or 'fire' which gives rise in cut diamonds to a high degree of brilliancy and a display of prismatic colors. A diamond's fiery brilliance makes it cherished above all other gemstones by the majority of people. Diamonds occupy a position of incomparable demand. Beautiful and rare, diamonds are desired for their sparkle and message of love. When you buy a diamond there are four points that you should consider, collectively known as the Four C's. Cut: Refers to the symmetry and proportions of the stone; it is what gives the diamond its sparkle. There are many diamond shapes to choose from. Whatever shape and quality you prefer; a Laboratory Report should be a requirement for your engagement ring or any significant diamond purchase. Color: The most desirable diamonds are colorless. The best color is D, which is almost clear white; the color scale descends from there through the alphabet toward Z, moving further away from colorless toward yellow or brown tints. Clarity: Diamonds have small imperfections in them known as inclusions; the fewer inclusions, the more valuable the stone. Carat Weight: This is the size of the stone. The word carat comes from the carob seeds that were used to balance scales in ancient times. DIAMOND. The mere mention of the word fills the mind with a multitude of concepts and images. Diamond is a mineral, a natural crystalline substance, the transparent form of pure carbon. Diamond is something superb, the peerless 'king of gems' that glitters, dazzles, and symbolizes purity and strength. Diamond is for engagement and the 75th wedding anniversary, for a commitment to never-ending love. Diamond is indomitable, the hardest surface known. Diamond is exotic, formed in Earth's interior and shot to the surface by extraordinary volcanoes. A diamond is likely the oldest thing you will ever own, probably 3 billion years in age, fully two thirds the age of the Earth. Diamond is a strategic and high-tech super material for our technological society. Diamond is a shape. This exhibition presents the fascinating story of the nature of diamonds. There are some, including the former writer of this that make light of strain in diamonds. It is also called Stress and occurs in about 40% of diamonds. It is generally more prevalent in pears, triangle shapes and marquise shape cut diamonds than in rounds. To a cutter strain is of severe importance. Any cutter worth his salt will analyze the location, color and amount of the strain before cutting a diamond. Strain sometimes also if evident around an inclusion in the stone and shows up with tension marking, which sort of has an appearance of a circle with a cross. Is strain something to be 'terrified' of? No it isn't. Industry perception is that if the diamond crystal survives the cutting and polishing process it will survive normal wear and tear. However being armed with the information is important to know. Diamonds are the most coveted of all precious gems, as is witnessed by the extremely high demand for them. While this has not always been the case, diamonds are nonetheless exquisite gems that go through a long, tedious refining process from the time they are pulled from the ground to when you see them in the jewelry store. And, while some of the mystique of diamonds may be gone -- they're just carbon, after all -- the diamond will likely continue to be a highly coveted jewel, because, well, 'A Diamond is Forever.' Physicists in Germany have created a material that is harder than diamond. Natalia Dubrovinskaia and colleagues at the University of Bayreuth made the new material by subjecting carbon-60 molecules to immense pressures. The new form of carbon, which is known as aggregated diamond nanorods, is expected to have many industrial applications (App. Phys. Lett. 87 083106). The hardness of a material is measured by its isothermal bulk modulus. Aggregated diamond nanorods have a modulus of 491 gigapascals (GPa), compared with 442 GPa for conventional diamond. Dubrovinskaia and two of her co-workers - Leonid Dubrovinky and Falko Langenhorst - have patented the process used to make the new material. Diamond derives its hardness from the fact that each carbon atom is connected to four other atoms by strong covalent bonds. The new material is different in that it is made of tiny interlocking diamond rods. Each rod is a crystal that has a diameter of between 5 and 20 nanometres and a length of about 1 micron. The group created the ADNRs by compressing the carbon-60 molecules to 20 GPa, which is nearly 200,000 times atmospheric pressure, while simultaneously heating to 2500 Kelvin. 'The synthesis was possible due to a unique 5000-tonne multianvil press at Bayerisches Geoinstitut in Bayreuth that is capable of reaching pressures of 25 GPa and temperatures of 2700 K at the same time,' Dubrovinskaia told PhysicsWeb. The Bayreuth team measured the properties of the samples with a diamond anvil cell at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility at Grenoble in France. These measurements indicated that ADNRs are about 0.3% denser than diamond, and that the new material has the lowest compressibility of any known material. In addition to working out why the new material is so hard, the Bayreuth team also hope to exploit its industrial potential. 'We have developed a concept for innovative technology to produce the novel material in industrial-scale quantities and now we are looking for partners in order to realize our ideas,' said Dubrovinskaia. 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